Hydrogen and Synthesis Gas Plants

 

HyCO Plants - Production Technologies

Production of Hydrogen from Light Hydrocarbons

The Linde technology for hydrogen production via catalytic steam reforming of light hydrocarbons in combination with the highly efficient pressure swing absorption process is well proven. The basic steps of this process include:

1. Hydrodesulfurization of the feedstock
2. Catalytic steam reforming
3. Heat recovery from the reformed product and flue gas
4. Single stage adiabatic high temperature CO-shift conversion
5. Final product purification by pressure swing absorption

Typical Block Diagram for Production of Hydrogen by Steam Reforming

Design Options

Reliable design adjustments to specific project requirements can be offered by Linde. These comprise the following options:

• High Olefinic Feedstocks
• Pre-Reforming (CRG)
• Gas Heated Reactor (Post-Reforming)
• MT snd LT Shift Conversion
• Integration of H2-Rich Offgas Streams
• Integration of a CO2 Removal System
• Integration of a Gas Turbine

Production of Hydrogen from Heavy Hydrocarbons

The demand for hydrogen to process the heavier, higher sulfur/nitrogen content crude oil is increasing throughout the world. Linde has positioned itself to be a premier supplier of plants that are designed to support these requirements. The basic steps of this process include:

1. Air separation to provide high purity oxygen for partial oxidation
2. Partial oxidation of feedstock and quenching
3. Heat recovery from reformed product and flue gas
4. CO-shift conversion
5. Sulfur and CO2 removal
6. Final product purification by pressure swing absorption

Typical Block Diagram for Production of Hydrogen from Heavy Hydrocarbons by Partial Oxidation

 

HyCO Plants - Linde Engineering - U.S. Contacts

Linde Engineering has supplied nearly 300 new hydrogen plants throughout the world for customers in the refining, chemical, and fertilizer industries, with capacities ranging from less than 1,000 Nm3/hr to greater than 100,000 Nm3/hr. The table below provides contact links based on plant capacity and plant location.

9MM SCFD hydrogen plant provided by Hydro-Chem that includes a can-type reformer and a multi-bed PSA.

Hydro-Chem of Holly Springs, GA is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Linde Group specializing in hydrogen and synthesis gas plants that are of standard design and modular construction. These plants are designed for fast delivery and installation of plant capacities up to 11 MM SCFD. Hydro-Chem has supplied over 130 plants in 27 different countries.

Selas Fluid of Blue Bell, PA is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Linde Group providing larger scale hydrogen and synthesis gas plants throughout the NAFTA region. These plants are optimized for low life cycle cost and high on-stream reliability, and are capable of operating on a variety of feedstocks.

100MM SCFD hydrogen plant including box-type reformer and multi-adsorber PSA.

 

HyCO Plants - Gas Supply "Over the Fence"

Besides the design, supply and construction of new hydrogen/synthesis gas plants, the combined resources of both Linde Engineering and Linde Gas enable The Linde Group to provide hydrogen/synthesis gases "over the fence" to our clients. And because we engineer and build the plants that we own and operate, we are able to provide both experience and value to our customers that extend beyond the role of a typical supplier.

 

HyCO Plants - Gasification

The demand for hydrogen, power and chemicals continues to increase as a result of:

• Heaver, higher sulfur/nitrogen content crude oil
• Increase in the use of oil sands and heavier feedstock
• More stringent environmental regulations
• Significant worldwide industrialization

Linde has positioned itself to be a premiere supplier of the process units that surround and support the gasifier. Regardless of the gasifier licensor, Linde has the technology and capability to purify and process the synthesis gas to marketable products. Linde peripheral gasification technologies include:

• Sour Shift reactor
• Rectisol Unit for hydrogen sulfide, cargon dioxide and other contaminant removal
• Air Separation Unit (ASU) for oxygen supply to ghe gasification unit and nitrogen supply to power generation units
• Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU)
• Tail-gas Treating Unit
• Methanation for substitute/synthetic natural gas (SNG) production
• Dehydration for final SNG purification
• Waste Heat Recovery

These technologies and their relationship to the gasifier are indicated in the block flow diagram below.

 

HyCO Plants - Rectisol^® Process for Synthesis Gas Purification

The Rectisol process is a Linde proprietary process for acid gas removal (H₂S, COS, and CO₂) using an organic solvent, at operating temperatures below the freezing point of water. The Rectisol process will produce a purified synthesis gas with less than 0.1 ppm(v) total sulfur and CO₂ content in the ppm range. The advantages of the Rectisol process over other commercially available schemes include:

• Use of low cost readily available solvent
• Fully flexible process configuration
• Low utility consumption
• Flexibility to remove sulfur compounds and CO₂ in separate fractions
• Environmentaly best available processing scheme for synthesis gas

Over 35 Rectisol units have been built worldwide in the range of 1.0 - 260.0 MM SCFD for clients in the refining, chemical and fertilizer industries. The process is used extensively in gasification plants to purify synthesis gas for downstream chemical applications where product quality is critical.

 

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